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In , Perelman resigned from his research post in Steklov Institute of Mathematics and in stated that he had quit professional mathematics, owing to feeling disappointed over the ethical standards in the field. He lives in seclusion in Saint Petersburg and has declined requests for interviews since In the s, partly in collaboration with Yuri Burago , Mikhael Gromov , and Anton Petrunin, he made contributions to the study of Alexandrov spaces.

In , he proved the soul conjecture in Riemannian geometry, which had been an open problem for the previous 20 years. The full details of Perelman's work were filled in and explained by various authors over the following several years.

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In August , Perelman was offered the Fields Medal [ 1 ] for "his contributions to geometry and his revolutionary insights into the analytical and geometric structure of the Ricci flow", but he declined the award, stating: "I'm not interested in money or fame; I don't want to be on display like an animal in a zoo. Hamilton , the mathematician who pioneered the Ricci flow partly with the aim of attacking the conjecture.

Perelman's mathematical talent became apparent at the age of 10, and his mother enrolled him in Sergei Rukshin's after-school mathematics training program. His mathematical education continued at the Leningrad Secondary School , a specialized school with advanced mathematics and physics programs. Perelman excelled in all subjects except physical education.

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In the late s and early s, with a strong recommendation from the geometer Mikhail Gromov , [ 14 ] Perelman obtained research positions at several universities in the United States. After proving the soul conjecture in , he was offered jobs at several top universities in the US, including Princeton and Stanford , but he rejected them all and returned to the Steklov Institute in Saint Petersburg in the summer of for a research-only position.

In his undergraduate studies, Perelman dealt with issues in the field of convex geometry. His first published article studied the combinatorial structures arising from intersections of convex polyhedra. Polikanova, he established a measure-theoretic formulation of Helly's theorem.